特定器官的蛋白质衰老时钟可以预测不同人群的疾病和寿命
Yunhe Wang1,2,3, Sihao Xiao4, Bowen Liu4
1Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. yunhe.wang@channing.harvard.edu.
Nature aging
|November 26, 2025
概括
科学家们为整个生物体和十个器官开发了精确的蛋白质衰老时钟. 加速衰老预测疾病和死亡率,提供对衰老途径和个性化风险评估的见解.
科学领域:
- 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 生物标志物 生物标志物
背景情况:
- 衰老和与年龄相关的疾病有着共同的分子路径.
- 血蛋白质组分析为生物体和器官健康提供了一个窗口.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证准确的蛋白质时钟,用于生物体和特定器官的衰老.
- 评估这些时钟对疾病发病,进展和死亡率的预测能力.
- 探索器官衰老和相关疾病途径的遗传和环境决定因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了等离子体蛋白质组学和机器学习算法.
- 使用英国生物银行队列开发了有机和十个器官特定的衰老时钟.
- 在来自中国和美国的独立队伍中验证了时钟精度.
- 分析了器官衰老,生活方式,遗传学和疾病结果之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 蛋白质老化时钟的高精度得到了实现,并在各队伍中得到了验证 (交叉队列r = 0.98).
- 加快器官衰老显著预测疾病发病,进展和死亡率,超过临床和遗传因素.
- 大脑衰老与死亡率的关联最强,并且与生活方式,特定基因 (GABBR1,ECM1) 和大脑结构有关.
- 确定了不同的器官特定途径,其中大脑和动脉衰老与通过突触损失,血管功能障碍和质激活与认知衰退和痴呆有关.
- 大脑衰老的时钟分层了阿尔茨海默病的风险,并确定了年轻大脑对APOE4.4所赋予的弹性.
结论:
- 蛋白质体器官衰老时钟为追踪衰老和疾病风险提供了一个强大的,生物学上可解释的框架.
- 这些时钟可以加强个性化的风险评估,并为有针对性的干预措施分层个人.
- 了解特定器官的衰老途径对于制定对抗年龄相关疾病的策略至关重要.
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