身体活动及其对儿童执行功能和大脑结果的影响:叙述性审查
Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz1,2, Yeny Concha-Cisternas1,3, Emilio Jofré-Saldía4
1Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile.
Brain sciences
|November 27, 2025
概括
身体活动通过改善大脑功能和结构来提高儿童的执行功能,如抑制控制和工作记忆. 定期炼有助于认知发展,并可能有利于ADHD儿童.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 执行功能 (抑制控制,工作记忆,认知灵活性) 对于儿童的学习至关重要.
- 身体活动与通过神经生物学适应来增强执行功能有关.
- 了解儿童的身体活动-执行功能-大脑关系至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 综合有关身体活动对儿童执行功能和大脑结果的影响的证据.
- 审查这些影响背后的神经生物学机制.
- 探索对神经类型儿童和神经发育障碍儿童的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了PubMed,Scopus和Web of Science研究的叙事审查,直到2025年8月.
- 包括RCT,纵向,横截面研究,系统审查和元分析.
- 搜索与儿童身体活动,执行功能和大脑机制相关的术语.
主要成果:
- 急性体力活动通过改善神经传递和氧化来增强抑制控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性.
- 慢性体力活动干预促进大脑的结构和功能适应,包括白质完整性和网络效率.
- 在神经类型儿童和ADHD儿童中观察到好处,抑制控制是最有反应的,尽管受到干预参数的调节.
结论:
- 身体活动是支持儿童执行力和大脑发育的有希望的策略.
- 有证据表明,短期和长期的好处对教育和临床实践都有影响.
- 需要进一步的研究来优化体育活动的处方和评估现实世界的影响,特别是在神经发育障碍的儿童中.
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