对人工智能和心电图用于心血管疾病诊断的系统审查
Hernando Velandia1, Aldo Pardo1, María Isabel Vera2,3
1Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona 543050, Colombia.
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 显著改进了用于心血管疾病 (CVD) 检测的心电图 (ECG) 分析,优于传统方法. 虽然人工智能提供了增强的诊断,但解决数据偏差和监管挑战对于公平的临床采用至关重要.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球主要的死亡原因.
- 电心电图 (ECG) 对于心脏病诊断至关重要,但在灵敏度和可重现性方面存在局限性.
- 传统的心电图解释与微妙和亚临床的心脏疾病作斗争.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查人工智能 (AI) 在心血管疾病检测中的ECG分析方面的最新进展.
- 根据疾病类型,模型架构和方法创新对AI应用进行分类.
- 确定挑战,并为AI-ECG临床翻译提供建议.
主要方法:
- 2019年至2025年间发表的100多项研究的系统审查.
- 基于疾病 (心力衰竭,心肌梗塞,心房动),模型类型 (CNN,LSTM,混合) 和技术 (消噪,合成数据,可解释AI) 的AI应用的分类.
- 对绩效指标,数据集特征和实施挑战的分析.
主要成果:
- 人工智能模型在心血管疾病检测的心电图分析中表现优于传统方法.
- 人工智能擅长识别亚临床心血管疾病,并通过可穿戴设备实现实时监控.
- 主要挑战包括人口偏见,有限的数据集多样性和监管障碍.
结论:
- 人工智能具有巨大的潜力,可以通过ECG彻底改变心血管诊断.
- 解决偏见问题,数据多样性和监管框架对于安全有效的临床实施至关重要.
- 跨学科的合作对于人工智能在心血管保健中的透明和公平采用至关重要.
相关概念视频
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias
315
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
315
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI
300
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
300
Electrocardiogram
5.3K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
5.3K
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT
264
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
264
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography
707
Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
707


