患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童的认知发展以及干预和ASD持久性的缓和作用
Maya J Golden1, Lianna R Lipton1, Georgios Sideridis1
1Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的幼儿的早期认知得分预测了以后的智商. 然而,自闭症的持续性和干预措施会随着时间的推移影响认知变化.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种影响社会沟通和行为的神经发育状况.
- 在被诊断为ASD的幼儿中,早期认知评估对于理解发育轨迹至关重要.
- 早期认知评分的长期预测有效性和ASD持续性和干预措施的影响仍然是关键的研究问题.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定被诊断为ASD的幼儿的婴儿和幼儿发展-III (贝利-III) 的贝利尺度的认知分数是否能预测学校年龄的智商 (IQ).
- 调查ASD的持久性或接受干预措施是否会缓和早期认知分数和以后的智商之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 长度研究跟踪儿童临床诊断出ASD在12-36个月.
- 在幼儿时使用贝利-III的认知评估,并在5-7岁时进行研究评估,以确定ASD持久性和学龄智商.
- 包括相关性和回归在内的统计分析,以检查ASD持续性和干预措施的预测关系和缓解效应.
主要成果:
- 在幼儿认知得分和学龄智商之间发现了中等正相关性 (r = 0.45,p < 0.001).
- 具有较低基线认知分数 (<70) 的儿童在学龄智商中表现出更大的变化.
- 非持久性自闭症与从幼儿到学龄段的显著认知变化有关 (p < 0.001);干预措施对非持久性自闭症没有益处,对持久性自闭症有逆关系.
结论:
- 患有自闭症的幼儿的早期认知表现是学龄智商的重要预测因素.
- 自闭症的持续性和干预措施的性质在认知发展轨迹中发挥着作用.
- 研究结果强调了早期认知评估和针对ASD儿童的量身定制干预措施的重要性.
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