对用于诊断临床抑郁症的可解释机器学习模型进行系统审查和元分析
Ariosto Trelles1, Tomás Fontaines Ruiz2,3, Antonio Ponce Rojo4
1Master's Program in Clinical Psychology, Specialization in Psychotherapy, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala 070205, Ecuador.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
概括
这项研究发现,虽然XGBoost在检测抑郁症方面表现良好,但算法选择对准确的临床检测不如数据质量和可解释性那么关键. 可解释的AI方法可以增强决策.
科学领域:
- 计算精神病学和机器学习在心理健康中的应用.
- 对临床诊断的监督学习算法的系统审查和元分析.
背景情况:
- 抑郁症是一种普遍的精神障碍,需要早期检测才能获得有效的心理治疗结果.
- 监督算法 (SVM,随机森林,XGBoost,GCN) 越来越多地被用于使用现实世界的数据来检测临床抑郁症.
研究的目的:
- 评估抑郁症检测监督算法的准确性,解释性和通用性.
- 评估数据源和可解释性方法对临床环境中的算法性能的影响.
主要方法:
- 系统审查和对20项 (2014-2025) 遵循PRISMA指南的研究进行元分析.
- 对F1-Score,AUC-ROC,SHAP/LIME可解释性和交叉验证策略的分析.
- 使用ANOVA和Pearson相关性的统计分析来评估性能和关系.
主要成果:
- XGBoost显示了最高的平均性能 (F1:0.86,AUC:0.84),但算法之间的差异并不显著.
- SHAP是占主导地位的可解释性方法;合并的SHAP+LIME与更高的F1分数相关.
- 临床调查和EHR数据产生了稳定的结果,而神经生理学数据显示高估值但代表性有限;观察到AUC的显著异质性和出版偏差.
结论:
- 在抑郁症检测中的算法性能比特定模型更受数据质量,上下文和可解释性的影响.
- 可解释的AI方法为心理健康中的个性化和协作临床决策提供了实际价值.
- 这些发现挑战了对内在算法优越性的说法,强调了对模型选择和评估的整体方法.
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