我们可以从以前关于选择性沉默症症状的研究中学到什么? 一个系统的审查
Judith Kleinheinrich1, Felix Vogel1,2
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
概括
选择性无声症 (SM) 往往是狭的定义. 这份综述揭示了MS儿童的焦虑,戒断和抑郁等更广泛的症状,表明需要修订诊断标准.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年精神病学 儿童和青少年精神病学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 目前对选择性无声症 (SM) 的诊断标准狭窄地将其定义为无法说话的单一症状.
- 这种有限的定义可能不涵盖SM儿童所面临的全部挑战.
- 对MS症状的全面了解对于准确的诊断和有效的治疗至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合实证研究对选择性无声症的更广泛的症状.
- 在被诊断为MS的儿童中识别除了无法说话之外的症状.
- 根据研究设计,告知者和评估方法,探索报告的症状的变化.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Web of Science和APA PsycNet进行了系统的文献搜索,遵守PRISMA指南.
- 包括的研究涉及参与者样本超出单个病例报告,总计82项研究在最终分析.
- 数据合成的重点是不同的研究设计,信息人 (如家长,教师,临床医生) 和评估工具.
主要成果:
- 社会焦虑和非特定焦虑是MS儿童最常被评估和一致报告的症状.
- 其他已记录的特征包括戒断,抑郁症状和社交技能缺陷.
- 定性账户还表明了外部化和对立行为的存在,突出了症状的多样性.
结论:
- 选择性沉默症的症状范围比目前通过诊断标准认可的更广泛.
- 观察到的症状多样性强调了需要采用多症状方法来理解和诊断MS.
- 完善SM的诊断框架和概念化对于提高诊断精度和定制干预措施至关重要.
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