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接受脏移植的人群中尿路病原体的抗生素耐药性:持续的威胁
Büşra Çalışır1, Abdullah İbrahim Çalışır2, Oktay Rodoplu1
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa 16059, Turkey.
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
概括
移植患者的尿路感染 (UTI) 通常是由阴性细菌引起的. 对西普罗夫洛素和三甲-硫甲醇 (TMP-SMX) 的高耐药性需要量身定制的抗微生物策略和监测.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 尿路感染 (UTI) 是移植后的一个常见并发症.
- 移植患者的免疫抑制增加了对抗生素耐药性的担忧.
- 复发性感染和有限的治疗选择带来了重大挑战.
研究的目的:
- 确定移植受体中尿路感染的微生物景观.
- 分析孤立尿病原体的抗微生物敏感性模式.
- 为临床管理和监测策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 从成年移植接受者 (2023-2024) 尿液培养的回顾性分析.
- 微生物识别通过矩阵辅助激光吸附离子化飞行时间质谱法 (MALDI-TOF MS).
- 使用系统进行抗微生物敏感性测试,按照欧洲抗微生物敏感性测试委员会 (EUCAST) 的指导方针.
主要成果:
- 分析了来自123名患者的363个尿样,其中85%为女性.
- 主要的尿病原体是大肠杆菌 (49%) 和Klebsiella* spp. (24%). 这是一个令人惊叹的数字.
- 观察到高耐药率的西普罗夫洛克萨和三甲-硫法索 (TMP-SMX);低耐卡巴胺.
- 在 *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* 和 *Acinetobacter* spp. 中发现多种药物耐药性的增加.
结论:
- 阴性细菌是移植受体中尿路感染的主要原因.
- 对西普罗夫洛克萨和TMP-SMX的抗药性增加强调了对局部抗菌药物监测的必要性.
- 个性化经验性治疗和持续监测耐药性对于管理这一群体感染至关重要.
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