恢复性牙科的决策支持:混合优化增强了全景射线图上的检测
Gül Ateş1, Fuat Türk2, Elif Tuba Akçın3
1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yıldırım Beyazit University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
概括
使用机器学习 (ML) 和深度学习 (DL) 的混合优化辅助方法显示,在全景放射图上对牙科修复进行分类的性能有所改善. 这种人工智能工具作为牙医的决策支持,而不是独立的诊断系统.
科学领域:
- 牙科放射学 牙科放射学
- 人工智能在牙科中的应用
- 机器学习应用 机器学习应用
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 越来越多地被用于提高牙科的放射性评估.
- 机器学习 (ML),深度学习 (DL) 和混合方法的基准测试对于自动牙科修复分类至关重要.
- 全景射线图是评估牙科修复的常见成像方法.
研究的目的:
- 为了对ML,DL和混合优化辅助方法进行基准测试,在全景放射图上对牙科修复进行自动五类图像级分类.
- 评估不同人工智能模型在识别牙科修复方面的表现,包括填充物,植入物,根管治疗,固定部分假牙/桥梁和皇冠.
主要方法:
- 分析了353个匿名全景图像,其中有2137个标记的修复.
- 图像预处理包括裁剪,直方图平衡,CLAHE和GLCM纹理特征提取.
- 三阶段管道的评估: (i) GLCM功能与ML/DL, (ii) 混合灰狼粒子群集优化 (HGWO-PSO) 与SVM,和 (iii) 卷积神经网络 (CNN) 在原始图像上.
主要成果:
- HGWO-PSO + SVM配置实现了最高的精度 (73.15%),超过了CNN (68.52%) 和传统的ML模型 (SVM 67.89%,DT 59.09%,RF 58.33%,K-NN 53.70%).
- 与其他方法相比,混合方法显示出更高的宏观精度,回忆和F1得分 (0.728).
- 通过80/20分离和5倍交叉验证来评估每位患者的表现,证实了足够的统计能力.
结论:
- 与基线CNN和传统ML相比,混合优化辅助分类器在这个单中心数据集上适度提高了检测性能.
- 拟议的系统作为牙医的决策支持工具,承认数据集大小和类不平衡的局限性.
- 未来的研究应该专注于更大,多中心的数据集和先进的DL模型,以提高概括性和临床实用性.
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