和多基基物质 (PFAS):历史,当前的担忧,以及未来的前景
1Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
概括
和多基基物质 (PFAS) 是广泛使用的化学物质,其中包括PFOA等遗留化合物和新兴类型. 本综述涵盖了它们的历史,特性,对人类健康的影响以及总PFAS的新检测方法.
科学领域:
- 环境化学环境化学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 和多基基物质 (PFAS) 是全球使用的化学品,具有历史 (遗产) 和新兴类型.
- 2000年之前制造的传统PFAS (例如PFOA,PFOS) 已逐步淘汰,但仍存在,导致饮用水法规.
- 新兴的PFAS,包括Gen-X和F-53B,表现出多样化的化学结构和不断增长的环境研究.
研究的目的:
- 提供对和多醇基物质 (PFAS) 的全面审查.
- 总结历史背景,化学特性和遗留PFAS对人类健康的影响.
- 讨论新兴的PFAS,它们的特征,以及它们的检测和量化方面的进展.
主要方法:
- 文献综述总结了关于PFAS的历史数据和当前研究.
- 描述传统和新兴PFAS的化学特性和结构.
- 分析技术概述,包括挥发性PFAS的GC-MS和总氧化前体的LC-MS.
主要成果:
- 遗留的PFAS与人体健康问题有关,如脂质障碍症,免疫功能障碍和脏疾病.
- 新兴的PFAS具有广泛的化学结构,是正在进行的环境研究的主题.
- 为了全面量化PFAS,正在开发新的测定方法,例如总氧化前体 (TOP) 测定.
结论:
- 了解从传统到新兴PFAS的演变对于环境和健康风险评估至关重要.
- 持续研究和开发分析方法对于监测和管理PFAS总负担至关重要.
- 监管工作和科学调查必须涉及历史和新型PFAS化合物.
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