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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy
10:37

Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy

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高分子量聚 styrene-b-isoprene或PS-b-PI及其化,硫化衍生物的形态特征:一个AFM研究

Nikolaos Politakos1, Galder Kortaberria2, Apostolos Avgeropoulos3

  • 1Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.

Polymers
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
概括

区块共聚合物的化学修饰改变了它们的表面形态. 优化溶剂,造和回火对于控制改性聚合物的最终结构和特性至关重要.

关键词:
阴离子聚合的聚合物.原子力显微镜 (AFM) 的使用化学修饰反应是化学修饰反应.化化化的方法分子特征的分子表征.纳米结构是一种纳米结构.聚异烯 (Poly) 是一种聚异烯.自动组装的自动组装机硫化硫化是一种硫化.薄膜是一种薄膜.

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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
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The extent of the...
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Stability of Conjugated Dienes

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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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