热调节和热中风预防老年人:新兴技术和干预措施的进展
Sandra Núñez-Rodríguez1, Carla Collazo-Riobó2, Félix Menéndez-Vega2
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
概括
这次审查强调,虽然冷却设备和教育策略可以改善老年人的温度调节,但用于预防热中风的可穿戴技术未得到充分利用. 需要进一步的研究来整合这些技术以提高安全性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
背景情况:
- 热调节随着年龄的增长而下降,老年人 (≥60岁) 对热应激的脆弱性增加.
- 有效的温度调节依赖于环境,生理,行为和认知因素之间的复杂相互作用.
- 现有的研究往往侧重于临床环境,不太重视社区和日常生活中的应用.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查用于评估或改善老年人温度调节的干预措施和技术.
- 确定有效的策略,以提高各种环境中的热舒适性和安全性.
- 突出当前研究的差距,特别是关于用于预防热中风的可穿戴技术.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行系统审查.
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,ScienceDirect) 进行全面的文献搜索,从2010-2025年开始.
- 从449个已识别的记录中包含了9项符合特定标准的研究.
主要成果:
- 使用温度数据的基于机器学习的预测模型显示,预测热感和核心温度具有前景.
- 积极干预 (冷却装置,通风服装) 有效地降低了皮肤和核心温度,提高了热舒适度.
- 基于教育和社区的策略减少了热风险感知和不良事件,但用于预防热中风的可穿戴技术集成在日常生活中仍然未被探索.
结论:
- 对老年人的热调节干预措施显示出有效性,但在应用可穿戴监控技术以预防热中风方面存在重大差距.
- 未来的研究应该在现实环境中验证预测模型和积极干预.
- 为改善老龄化人口的热安全,自主性和福祉,将策略与个体脆弱性调整至关重要.
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