人类考古组:商人,机会主义者,还是新兴的病原体?
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles Stewart Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48302, USA.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
概括
古生物是人类常见的微生物,其在健康和疾病中的作用尚不清楚. 本综述综合了关于考古物种多样性,息地和潜在间接疾病贡献的证据,探索了人类的"考古体".
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 人类微生物组研究研究
- 欧核生物基因组学
背景情况:
- 古代生物是生命的一个基本领域,在人类微生物群中越来越被认可.
- 它们在人类健康和疾病发病过程中的特定作用在很大程度上仍然被低估和不太了解.
- 与细菌不同,没有任何古物种被证实是主要的哺乳动物病原体,但它们的无处不在表明间接的生理和病理影响.
研究的目的:
- 综合当前关于人类遗体遗址的考古多样性和息地特异性的证据.
- 评估新兴的人类"古人体"概念及其在疾病中的潜在参与.
- 突出技术进步,使微生物组在诊断和治疗方面的翻译应用成为可能.
主要方法:
- 审查和综合现有的关于人类相关的古生物学科学文献.
- 考古物种多样性的分析和在胃肠道,气消化道,泌尿器官和皮肤上的利基专业化.
- 评估证据,将古物存在与特定疾病和宿主微生物群相互作用联系起来.
主要成果:
- 甲基生物主导下胃肠道,影响发酵和甲生产.
- 尼特罗斯菌在皮肤和上空消化道中普遍存在,这表明了生态的专业化.
- 在甲基生物和诸如IBS,IBD,肥胖,CRC和牙周病等疾病之间发现的关联;在囊性纤维化肺部检测到的古生物.
结论:
- 考古学可能通过代谢交叉养,免疫调节和多微生物感染中的协同相互作用间接地导致疾病.
- 了解人类"古生物组"对于推进微生物组诊断,治疗向和微生物组工程至关重要.
- 像MERFISH和多omics分析这样的新兴技术是释放考古研究翻译潜力的关键.
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