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为未来的流行病推进实验室诊断:挑战和创新

Lechuang Chen¹, Qing H Meng¹

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 37, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 27, 2025

概括

最近的流行病突显了先进诊断的必要性. 结合分子技术,抗原测试,血清学,NGS和临床检测的多层系统对于全球卫生安全至关重要.

科学领域:

流行病学和公共卫生.
传染病诊断传染病诊断传染病诊断
生物技术是生物技术.

背景情况:

主要的流行病 (SARS,H1N1pdm09,埃博拉,COVID-19) 暴露了传统疾病诊断系统的关键缺陷,包括长时间的周转时间和供应链问题.
迫切需要先进的诊断技术和综合战略来改善全球疾病监测和控制.
从最近的疫情中吸取的经验教训强调了现有的诊断模型的局限性和创新的必要性.

研究的目的:

审查关于诊断挑战的四个主要疫情的关键教训.
突出与流行病和流行病应对相关的诊断技术的进步.
为全球诊断网络提出未来的框架.

主要方法:

对最近重大疫情的文献和案例研究的审查.
分子诊断技术的分析:循环介导的同热放大 (LAMP),转录介导的放大 (TMA),重组酶聚合酶放大 (RPA) 和滴滴数字聚合酶链反应 (ddPCR).
评估抗原检测,血清分析,下一代测序 (NGS) 和临床检测 (POCT) 的进展.

主要成果:

分子技术为病原体检测提供了显著的优势.
抗原检测对于社区环境中的快速查至关重要.
血清学测定对于追溯分析和免疫评估有价值.
下一代测序 (NGS) 有助于新型病原体的识别和突变监测.
通过人工智能和生物传感增强的临床检测 (POCT) 将诊断能力扩展到前线.

结论:

未来的流行病和流行病应对依赖于多层次,互补的诊断系统,而不是单一的技术.
整合实验室诊断,分布式查和实时监测是必不可少的.
全球诊断网络是快速响应和对未来健康危机的准备所必需的.

关键词:

在 COVID-19 疫情中,埃博拉病毒埃博拉病毒埃博拉病毒这是一个H1N1pdm09病毒.这就是SARSSARS.诊断技术诊断技术诊断技术这是一个流行病流行病.流行病是一种流行病.

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