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相关概念视频

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Negative Regulator Molecules

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding
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ZPR1对于HPV的R环分辨率是不可或缺的,但它调节了宿主R环动态.

Rylann Moffitt1, Steven Brooks2, Elliot J Androphy3

  • 1Tom and Julie Wood College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA.

Viruses
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
概括

人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) E2蛋白解决病毒R循环,但也导致宿主DNA中的R循环积累. 与哺乳动物细胞中发现的结果相反,HPV R-循环解析不需要ZPR1蛋白.

关键词:
E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2在HPV转录转录.在R-Loop中使用.这就是SETX.在ZPR1中使用ZPR1.

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科学领域:

  • 病毒学 病毒学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • R环,DNA-RNA杂交物,在乳头瘤病毒转录过程中形成,对于HPV病发性维护至关重要.
  • ZPR1蛋白招募SETX酶来解决哺乳动物细胞中的R循环.
  • 在HPV R-循环分辨率中ZPR1和E2的作用尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 调查ZPR1和E2在HPVR循环的解决和维护中的作用.
  • 确定ZPR1枯竭对病毒和细胞R循环的影响.
  • 分析HPV相关癌症中ZPR1和SETX的表达.

主要方法:

  • 使用siRNA的ZPR1的耗尽.
  • 使用分子试验对R环形成的分析.
  • 共同免疫沉用于检测蛋白质复合体.
  • 对基因表达的TCGA数据集分析.

主要成果:

  • 消耗ZPR1减少了病毒R循环,但增加了细胞R循环,这表明它不需要HPVR循环解析.
  • 发现E2蛋白与R环相关,其过度表达增强了R环形成.
  • ZPR1,但不是SETX,mRNA水平在HPV阳性宫癌和头癌中显著降低.
  • 通过隔离SETX,E2可能会促进R循环积累.

结论:

  • 与其他哺乳动物系统不同的是,ZPR1对HPV R-循环分辨不至关重要.
  • 在R循环动态中,HPV E2蛋白质起着双重作用,调解解像度,同时促进宿主基因组中的积累.
  • 在HPV阳性癌症中ZPR1表达的改变表明在瘤发生中可能发挥作用.