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在ADHD和对照儿童之间,双重任务的干扰是否不同,注意力的影响是什么?

Dorothee Jelsma¹, Reint Geuze¹, Anselm B M Fuermaier¹

¹Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation

|November 27, 2025

概括

患有ADHD的孩子在双重任务方面扎,特别是在同时执行两个运动任务时. 然而,当任务涉及一个运动和一个认知技能时,他们的表现与同龄人相似.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
发展心理学发展心理学
认知科学认知科学

背景情况:

日常活动需要管理多个任务,这对患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的孩子来说是一个挑战.
了解ADHD和没有ADHD的儿童在双重任务场景中如何处理注意力分裂对于开发有针对性的干预至关重要.

研究的目的:

在认知-运动和运动-运动条件下研究ADHD和没有ADHD的儿童的双重任务表现.
为了比较分散注意力对这些群体运动和认知任务的影响.

主要方法:

66名儿童 (42名患有多动症,24名典型发育) 参加.
参与者在单任务和双任务设置中完成了主要的Wii Fit平衡任务,并完成了次要的认知 (声音计数) 或运动 (手指交叉) 任务.
还进行了对注意力和运动能力的独立评估.

主要成果:

患有ADHD的儿童在单项任务 (Wii Fit,手指交叉) 上显示出明显较差的运动表现,但可比的认知表现.
在两个组的认知和指交叉任务中观察到双重任务干扰,但在Wii Fit任务中没有.
与运动认知任务相比,患有ADHD的儿童在双动力任务中不成比例地受损.

结论:

患有ADHD的儿童在需要同时执行两个运动任务时会经历显著的障碍.
注意力分裂会影响双重任务的表现,特别是在运动-运动场景中,对ADHD儿童来说更为严重.
干预策略可能需要专注于改善ADHD儿童的双重任务运动技能.

关键词:

更多关于 ADHD ADHD 的文章分裂的注意力能力注意力能力.双任务干扰干扰是双重任务的干扰.运动能力运动能力

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...