儿童急性中耳炎的脱血剂和抗组胺药物
Petter Darlison1,2,3, Luca Moresco4, Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit5
1Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|November 27, 2025
概括
关于儿童急性中耳炎 (AOM) 脱血剂和抗胰岛素的益处和危害的证据非常不确定. 自2003年以来,没有发表新的试验,目前也没有正在进行的研究.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
- 基于证据的医学基于证据的医学.
背景情况:
- 急性中耳炎 (AOM) 是一种常见的儿童感染,经常用抗生素治疗.
- 目前的指导方针建议对AOM保持警等待,但降血剂和抗组胺剂有时用于减少炎症和.
- 严重的AOM并发症很少见,但可能包括听力损伤.
研究的目的:
- 评估在儿童中治疗急性中耳炎时使用脱血剂和抗组胺剂的益处和危害.
- 评估这些药物在解决AOM和预防并发症方面的疗效.
主要方法:
- 进行了随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查.
- 搜索包括主要的数据库,如CENTRAL,MEDLINE,Embase和临床试验注册表.
- 包括的研究比较了儿童患有AOM的降血剂和/或抗组胺剂 (口服或鼻腔) 与安慰剂或没有干预的情况.
主要成果:
- 关于脱血剂对AOM存在,严重并发症,不良事件,耳痛和中耳炎 (OME) 的影响的证据非常不确定,确定性低至非常低.
- 同样,抗组胺药物的证据显示,对AOM存在,严重并发症,不良事件和耳痛的影响非常不确定,确定性低至非常低.
- 根据低确定性证据,抗胰岛素可能会导致与安慰剂相比OME的差异很小或没有差异.
结论:
- 目前的证据基础不足以确定降血剂和抗组胺剂对儿童AOM的益处和危害.
- 显著缺乏最近的研究,自2003年以来没有发表的试验,也没有正在进行的研究,突出了知识的关键差距.
- 需要进一步进行高质量的研究,以告知有关这些治疗方法的临床实践.
相关概念视频
01:27Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants
777
Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
777
01:16Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview
604
Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
604
01:23Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics
929
Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla. Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla. Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
929
01:26Tonsillitis II: Management
387
This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
387
01:15Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines
1.0K
Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...
Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...
1.0K
01:23Chronic Pharyngitis
10.6K
Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
10.6K