联合人体工程学和体育活动干预措施,预防与工作相关的肌肉骨疾病:综合审查
Ayomidamope R Adebiyi1,2,3, Amanjit Amy Sekhon-Atwal2, Erin Davis3
1School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.
Workplace health & safety
|November 27, 2025
概括
结合人体工程学和体育活动的干预措施有效地减少与工作有关的肌肉骨疾病 (WMSDs). 这些结合的方法显示出比单个干预措施更大的好处,用于防止手动处理和重复运动任务中的WMSD.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 人体工程学就是人体工程学.
- 基于证据的实践.
背景情况:
- 与工作有关的肌肉骨疾病 (WMSDs) 占工作场所伤害的很大一部分,造成了相当大的职业健康和经济负担.
- 本综述综合了在手动处理和重复运动任务中预防WMSD的干预措施的证据.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较联合人体工程学和体育活动干预措施与单一方法预防WMSD的有效性.
- 评估针对手动处理和重复性运动角色的成年工人的干预措施.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (Web of Science,CINAHL,Embase,PubMed) 进行了系统的文献搜索,搜索了2019年至2024年间发表的研究.
- 包括专注于人体工程学干预,手动操作培训或工作场所体育活动计划的研究.
- 质量评估遵循了约翰霍普金斯护理基于证据的实践模型,有七项研究符合纳入标准.
主要成果:
- 综合人体工程学和体育活动干预措施显示了减少疼痛的潜力 (部:38%,手/手腕:37%) 和提高灵活性.
- 单个干预措施的结果各不相同:人体工程学教育将高风险的MSD从35.1%降低到0%,而全身拉伸比单独的教育更能改善疼痛强度.
- 在医疗保健,制造业和工业部门,干预的持续时间从6周到22个月不等.
结论:
- 综合的人体工程学和体育活动干预措施似乎比单一的方法更有效地预防WMSD,显示出临床上有意义的改善.
- 综合干预措施的完成率很高.
- 研究设计的变化需要谨慎的解释,在未来的研究中呼吁进行标准化试验和成本效益分析.
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