通过在线评估在挪威队列50的老年参与者中辨别认知领域
Anastasia Ushakova1, Anne Corbett2, Clive Ballard3
1Centre for Age-Related Medicine-SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. anastasia.ushakova@sus.no.
Scientific reports
|November 27, 2025
概括
衰老会影响诸如执行功能和记忆等认知功能. 可修改的痴呆风险因素显著影响这些领域,而教育和就业提供了保护,突出了针对性干预的需要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学和老年学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 认知能力下降是衰老的关键特征,影响执行功能,工作记忆和注意力等领域.
- 了解可修改的风险因素对特定领域的影响对于减轻与年龄相关的认知衰退至关重要.
- 在线认知评估能够对认知衰老进行大规模研究.
研究的目的:
- 用多变量分析来识别潜在的认知构造.
- 评估衰老和痴呆症风险因素对老年人认知表现的特定领域影响.
- 探索生活方式因素对认知衰老的影响.
主要方法:
- 来自PROTECT Norge队列中的3215名参与者 (50岁以上) 的基线数据.
- 六个认知任务和关于生活方式,健康和痴呆症风险因素的问卷.
- 多变量分析包括探索性因素分析 (EFA) 和独立组件分析 (ICA),其次是回归模型.
主要成果:
- 确定了两个潜在结构:执行功能和工作记忆,以及集中注意力和短期空间记忆组件.
- 老年对所有认知领域产生了负面影响,最显著的是执行功能 (-0.06 SD/年) 和工作记忆 (-0.05 SD/年).
- 痴呆症风险因素 (中风,吸烟,高血压) 影响认知;高等教育和就业是保护性的. 适度饮酒显示有好处,而过度饮酒则是有害的.
结论:
- 认知衰老是特定领域的,年龄和风险因素的影响各不相同.
- 多维认知评估对于理解与年龄相关的认知变化是有价值的.
- 识别和修改风险因素可以帮助在老年人群中保持认知功能.
相关概念视频
Cognitive Development During Adulthood
749
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
749
Aging
568
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
568


