双价COVID-19疫苗增强剂对系统性和粘膜性抗体和T细胞免疫力的动态影响
Barbara Kronsteiner1,2, Melissa Govender3, Chang Liu3,4
1NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. barbara.kronsteiner-dobramysl@ndm.ox.ac.uk.
Scientific reports
|November 27, 2025
概括
更新的COVID-19双价疫苗增加了针对变种的抗体,但鼻腔免疫力迅速减弱. 持续的疫苗接种有利于那些最近没有感染的人,尽管需要新的策略来持续保护鼻腔.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 关注的COVID-19变种 (VOC) 需要更新的疫苗以获得免疫逃生.
- 之前的研究跟踪了对初始SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种系列的免疫反应.
研究的目的:
- 评估祖先/BA.1双价mRNA助推剂对外围和鼻腔抗体和T细胞对SARS-CoV-2反应的影响.
- 为了评估这些反应的持久性,直到六个月后的疫苗接种.
主要方法:
- 对133名医疗保健工作者进行的观察性队列研究.
- 在双价mRNA增强疫苗接种后,对外围和鼻腔抗体和T细胞反应的纵向分析.
- 评估与间接感染相关的免疫反应.
主要成果:
- 双相提升增加了循环和鼻腔抗体对尖端蛋白的宽度,可检测至少六个月.
- 无论增强剂状态如何,T细胞反应仍然保持良好,对VOCs具有交叉反应.
- 鼻腔IgG抗体反应强烈增强,但与循环抗体相比寿命短.
- 在第三剂疫苗接种后的18个月内,免疫反应的维持部分归因于感染.
结论:
- 双对应的COVID-19疫苗接种增强了免疫力,特别是在没有最近感染的个体中.
- 虽然循环抗体和T细胞反应强大,但鼻腔免疫是暂时的.
- 需要新的策略来实现对SARS-CoV-2的长期鼻腔免疫.
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