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相关概念视频

Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

866
Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
866
Convenience Sampling Method00:55

Convenience Sampling Method

10.8K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
10.8K
Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

14.4K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
14.4K
Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

13.9K
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
13.9K
Surveys02:16

Surveys

16.6K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

14.0K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Sampling Soils in a Heterogeneous Research Plot
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大规模的社区研究显示,信息采样推动了公平性决策.

Sarah Vahed1, Alan G Sanfey2,3

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. sarah.vahed@donders.ru.nl.

Communications psychology
|November 27, 2025
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概括

人们甚至在实验室外也表现出公平的规范. 在博物馆的终极游戏 (UG) 中,参与者拒绝了不公平的报价,并使用提议者历史来告知决策,展示了现实世界的不平等厌恶.

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科学领域:

  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
  • 社会心理学 社会心理学
  • 公民科学 公民科学

背景情况:

  • 对公平的经验理解往往依赖于具有有限概括性的实验室研究.
  • 公平性研究的生态有效性受到同质样本的挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 在现实世界,生态有效的环境中调查公平性规范.
  • 通过公民科学方法,检查最后通游戏 (UG) 中的决策.
  • 探索提议者历史对公平判断的影响.

主要方法:

  • 在13个月的时间里,在一个博物馆设置中嵌入了最后通游戏 (UG).
  • 从异质的公众样本中收集了 >18,672 个决定.
  • 包括一个选项,让参与者在决定之前查看提议者历史.

主要成果:

  • 复制了UG的经典发现:不公平的报价经常被拒绝,证实了不平等的厌恶.
  • 大多数参与者使用了提议者历史信息.
  • 信息采样提高了对公平性违规行为的敏感性,特别是来自以前慷慨的提案者的信息采样.

结论:

  • 公平的规范和不平等的厌恶超越了实验室环境.
  • 寻找有关过去行为的信息显著影响公平性判断.
  • 实验室实地方法为研究真实的决策提供了一个可扩展的模型.