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在老年人护理中的临床决策:非老年病专家的实用见解

Isaac K S Ng^1,2, Grace Rui Si Lim^1,2, Yanling Xu¹

¹Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Internal medicine journal

|November 28, 2025

临床推理是医学实践与决策的基石，直接决定了为患者提供的医疗服务的质量。然而近年来，鉴于诊断错误和医疗差错日益普遍，人们越来越重视通过教育方法加强临床决策能力。在全球人口迅速老龄化的背景下，老年患者的医疗照护无疑将面临越来越多的挑战与复杂性，这些患者在合并症程度、功能状态以及照护目标和需求方面存在显著差异。尽管老年医学作为一门专科已历经多年发展，并通过多学科协作以实现对老年患者的优化照护，但仍有一大部分老年患者将由非老年医学专科的全科医生及其他专科医生负责诊治。因此，本文旨在为照护老年患者时的临床决策提供实用性的见解，重点关注现实临床实践中以认知偏差和“噪声”临床判断形式表现的常见认知错误倾向，并探讨多层次的应对策略，以减轻这些挑战并提升照护质量。关键词：临床推理，临床决策，认知偏差，噪声判断，老年医学，医疗错误，诊断错误，全科医生，专科医生，多学科协作

临床推理是医学实践与决策的基石，直接决定了为患者提供的医疗服务的质量。然而近年来，鉴于诊断错误和医疗差错日益普遍，人们越来越重视通过教育方法加强临床决策能力。在全球人口迅速老龄化的背景下，老年患者的医疗照护无疑将面临越来越多的挑战与复杂性，这些患者在合并症程度、功能状态以及照护目标和需求方面存在显著差异。尽管老年医学作为一门专科已历经多年发展，并通过多学科协作以实现对老年患者的优化照护，但仍有一大部分老年患者将由非老年医学专科的全科医生及其他专科医生负责诊治。因此，本文旨在为照护老年患者时的临床决策提供实用性的见解，重点关注现实临床实践中以认知偏差和“噪声”临床判断形式表现的常见认知错误倾向，并探讨多层次的应对策略，以减轻这些挑战并提升照护质量。关键词：临床推理，临床决策，认知偏差，噪声判断，老年医学，医疗错误，诊断错误，全科医生，专科医生，多学科协作

关键词:

临床推理临床推理认知偏见是一种认知偏见.多病态性多病态性复杂的护理复杂的护理功能性衰退功能性衰退在医疗决策方面做出决定.

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