运动员在工作记忆负载下的无意识处理中表现出优势,特别是在与体育有关的领域
Xuechen Mao1, Qin Huang2, Jilong Shi3
1Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Frontiers in psychology
|November 28, 2025
概括
熟练的运动员在体育环境中表现出增强的无意识启动,但随着工作记忆负载的增加,这种优势会减少,这表明执行注意力资源的限制.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 无意识的启动通常需要注意力资源,包括执行注意力.
- 人们争论的是,运动员拥有优越的无意识处理能力,是否也受到执行注意力的限制,特别是在非经验领域.
研究的目的:
- 调查高管注意力在精英运动员中无意识的启动中的作用.
- 为了确定运动员的无意识处理优势是否是域特定的,并受到工作记忆负载的影响.
主要方法:
- 两项双任务实验与112名参与者进行,其中包括精英乒乓球运动员.
- 一个混合实验设计结合了N-back任务 (工作记忆负载) 和掩盖的启动任务 (体育相关和无关刺激).
- 混合效应的ANOVA分析了行为数据,以评估不同认知负载下的原始化效应.
主要成果:
- 运动员在体育相关任务中在工作记忆负载下显示出明显更大的无意识启动效应 (实验2).
- 在运动员和非运动员之间,对于与运动无关的刺激,在原始化方面没有明显的差异 (实验1).
- 在这两项实验中,增加工作记忆负载损害了运动员的无意识启动.
结论:
- 精英运动员在工作记忆负载下表现出增强的无意识处理,特别是在运动特定领域.
- 运动员的无意识处理受到执行注意力资源的限制,这些注意力资源受到工作记忆需求增加的影响.
- 研究结果将注意力门假设扩展到精英运动员,突出了特定领域的优势和无意识处理中的注意力限制.
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