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测量结构性种族主义和歧视的空间规模:对预计寿命的影响
John R Hipp1, Yuqing Wang2, Nisha Gottfredson O'Shea3
1Department of Criminology, Law and Society and Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Social science & medicine (1982)
|November 28, 2025
概括
在社区和县级的结构性种族主义与较低的预期寿命有关. 邻居疫情措施显示,与预期寿命的减少有更强烈的关联,特别是在高度的黑人社区.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 城市研究 城市研究
背景情况:
- 持续的社会差异与结构性种族主义和歧视有关.
- 了解结构性种族主义运作的空间尺度对于准确的测量和干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 探讨在美国中等 (社区) 和宏观 (县) 规模的结构性种族主义措施之间的经验和理论差异.
- 构建和测试邻居结构性种族主义的新型措施,包括绝对的邻居污染和相对的黑人与白人不平等.
主要方法:
- 对结构性种族主义措施与不同空间尺度 (meso-levels) 的预期寿命之间的关系进行了比较.
- 使用多层线性模型,将平均预期寿命作为结果衡量标准.
- 纳入了传统指标 (住宅隔离) 和新型指标 (驱逐率,住房空置,贷款拒绝,接近环境危害和掠夺性企业).
主要成果:
- 发现社区和县级结构性种族主义与较低的平均寿命之间存在一致的关联.
- 对邻居结构性种族主义措施的综合检测发现了一种非线性关系,在较高度下,预期寿命下降更快.
- 新的邻居污染措施显示,与预期寿命的关联比黑人与白人不平等更强,特别是在高度的黑人社区.
结论:
- 结构性种族主义对健康差异的影响因空间规模而异.
- 结构性种族主义的测量应该考虑不同的空间尺度 (meso和宏观) 进行有效的干预.
- 需要针对性的多层次干预措施来解决结构性种族主义造成的健康差异.
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