神经退行性疾病的精准医学:从研究到临床实践
Baskaran Gunasekaran1, Amar Harris Arifin2, Wong Hong Yu2
1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Taman Connaught, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Progress in brain research
|November 28, 2025
概括
精准医学通过实现个性化诊断和治疗来彻底改变神经退行性疾病 (ND) 护理. 这种方法针对遗传和分子因素,以改善阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森病等疾病患者的治疗结果.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 目前神经退行性疾病 (NDs) 的治疗方法主要是控制症状,无法阻止疾病的进展.
- 理解复杂的遗传和分子基础,包括表观遗传因素,对于开发有效的治疗方法至关重要.
- 家庭和零星形式的NDs呈现不同的病因路径,需要定制的治疗策略.
研究的目的:
- 探索精准医学如何改变神经退行性疾病的理解,诊断和治疗.
- 审查ND疗法的当前局限性,并强调个性化方法的潜力.
- 讨论在神经退行性疾病护理中推进精准医学的新兴工具和策略.
主要方法:
- 对涉及NDs的遗传和分子因素 (表观遗传学,基因表达,蛋白质功能障碍,非编码RNAs) 的审查.
- 对包括生物标志物 (血液,脑脊液) 和成像技术在内的诊断进步进行分析.
- 检查患者分层方法和个性化治疗策略 (基于基因型的药物设计,基因疗法,药物基因组学).
主要成果:
- 精准医学提供了一个从症状治疗转向疾病修饰策略的范式转变.
- 生物标志物和先进的成像技术有助于早期诊断和监测神经退行性疾病.
- 个性化的方法,包括基因治疗和药物基因组学,显示出改善患者结果的希望.
结论:
- 通过整合遗传,分子和临床数据,精准医学可以为神经退行性疾病提供量身定制的干预措施.
- 精准医学实施的挑战包括试验设计,数据整合和公平获取.
- 未来的创新,如单细胞转录组学和数字双胞胎,将进一步个性化神经退行性疾病的管理.
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