未来的视野:创新,老龄化和公平
Manoj Kumar Jana1, Vishnu Swarup1, Suryaprakash Tripathy2
1Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Progress in brain research
|November 28, 2025
概括
精准医学提供了针对神经退行性疾病 (NDD) 的个性化治疗方法,通过整合AI,多omics和生物标志物进行早期诊断和定制治疗. 克服数据标准化和公平访问等障碍对于管理NDD作为慢性疾病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学和精准医学 精准医学
- 基因组学和生物信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 像阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏症这样的神经退行性疾病 (NDD) 构成了日益严重的全球健康挑战,特别是随着人口老龄化.
- 由于疾病异质性,复杂的分子途径和不可预测的临床过程,传统的治疗方法不足.
- 随着社会经济成本的上升,需要新的个性化治疗策略.
研究的目的:
- 探索精准医学在治疗神经退行性疾病方面的变革潜力.
- 突出人工智能,多组学和生物标志物研究的进展,用于早期诊断和个性化治疗.
- 应对挑战,并提出解决方案,将精准医学转化为临床实践.
主要方法:
- 使用遗传风险概况,神经成像和液体生物标志物 (例如粉样β,,α-synuclein) 的患者分层.
- 应用人工智能 (AI) 平台用于疾病进展预测和治疗量身定制.
- 为个性化药物疗法整合药物基因组学.
- 利用公共生物库和支持人工智能的大数据分析来开发药物和验证目标.
主要成果:
- 人工智能和多omics能够使患者分层进行早期诊断和有针对性的干预.
- 基因疗法,反感性寡核酸 (ASOs) 和药物基因组学提供了精确的治疗策略.
- 像CRISPR介导的编辑和环境神经成像等创新促进了个性化的早期干预.
结论:
- 精准医学代表了范式的转变,将NDD管理从致命的诊断转移到慢性疾病控制.
- 关键的挑战包括生物标志物验证,多学科标准化,公平获得诊断和治疗,以及道德考虑.
- 综合网络,公私伙伴关系和全球监管协调对于成功实施和公平获取至关重要.
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