基于机器学习的疾病预测中的上下文问题与来自各种临床和症状数据的见解有关
Azza Mohamed1, Mohamed Abdelrehim2, Ray Al-Barazie2
1Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Liwa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. azza.basiouni@lu.ac.ae.
Scientific reports
|November 29, 2025
概括
机器学习模型根据数据类型显示出不同的疾病预测准确度. 糖尿病患者病史和心脏病的症状/心电图数据表现最好,而实验室和综合征数据的准确性较低.
科学领域:
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 生物医学数据科学 生物医学数据科学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 机器学习 (ML) 提供了通过早期和准确的疾病预测来增强临床决策的巨大潜力.
- 在医疗保健中ML模型的有效性取决于所使用的数据类型和特定的临床环境.
研究的目的:
- 在不同的临床数据集中系统地评估和比较各种ML模型 (FNN,XGBoost,RF,SVM) 的性能.
- 确定不同数据模式和建模方法如何影响医疗保健应用中的诊断准确性.
主要方法:
- 使用了四个不同的数据集:临床实验室生物标志物,患者病史/生活方式因素,症状/心电图数据和综合征监测数据.
- 对每个模型和数据集的性能进行了评估,使用接收器运行特征曲线 (AUC) 下的面积.
- 我们比较了多个ML算法,包括前神经网络 (FNN),XGBoost,随机森林 (RF) 和支持矢量机器 (SVM).
主要成果:
- 预测准确性在数据集之间有显著差异,AUC从0.49 (传染病监测) 到0.87 (从症状/心电图预测心脏病) 之间.
- 使用患者病史分析糖尿病风险的模型实现了高准确性 (AUC = 0.84).
- 临床实验室生物标志物产生了适度的准确性 (AUC = 0.62).
结论:
- 该研究强调,ML模型的性能高度依赖上下文,受数据类型,特征工程和选择的建模方法的影响.
- 量身定制,数据特定的ML解决方案对于有效的临床部署至关重要,特别是在资源有限的环境中.
- 仔细的数据集选择和严格的模型调整对于最大限度地提高ML在医疗保健中的实用性至关重要.
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