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基于计算机断层扫描的nnU-Net用于跨阿尔茨海默氏症连续和前性痴呆症亚型的特定区域大脑结构变化
Seongbeom Park1, Kyoungmin Kim2, Kyoung Yoon Lim1
1BeauBrain Healthcare, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Scientific reports
|November 29, 2025
概括
一个新的深度学习框架使用计算机断层扫描 (CT) 扫描来准确测量大脑变化,为MRI提供了一个更容易获得的替代方案,用于诊断诸如阿尔茨海默氏症和前性痴呆症等神经退行性疾病.
科学领域:
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 神经学 神经学
背景情况:
- 量化结构性大脑变化对于诊断和监测神经退行性疾病至关重要.
- 磁共振成像 (MRI) 是黄金标准,但面临着可访问性和成本限制.
- 大脑脊髓液 (CSF) 体积变化是神经退行症中组织损失的间接标记.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证使用计算机断层扫描 (CT) 进行大脑细分和CSF体积评估的深度学习框架.
- 评估框架在区分阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 阶段和前性痴呆症 (FTD) 亚型方面的实用性.
- 为早期检测和神经退行性疾病的差异诊断提供可访问的神经成像工具.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个深度学习框架 (nnU-Net),用于CT扫描中的大脑细分.
- 该框架使用3D T1加权MRI作为参考标准进行了培训和验证.
- 分段精度 (迪斯相似系数),可靠性 (相关性,布兰德-阿尔特曼) 和临床实用性在2357名参与者中通过各种认知状态和FTD亚型进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 基于CT的细分实现了高精度,对于侧腔室等关键区域,Dice相似系数 (DSCs) 超过0.93.
- 相关性分析显示出强大的可靠性,值在0.822至0.996.99之间.
- 该框架确定了从认知无障碍到阿尔茨海默氏症痴呆症的CSF体积的增加,并揭示了FTD亚型中明显的CSF扩张模式.
结论:
- 开发的深度学习框架允许使用CT扫描准确和可靠地量化CSF体积变化.
- 这种基于CT的方法可以作为脑缩的可行的间接标记,克服MRI的局限性.
- 该框架支持神经退行性疾病的早期检测和差异诊断,包括阿尔茨海默病和前性痴呆症亚型.
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