人工智能用于糖尿病并发症预测:对当前应用和未来方向的系统审查
Francesca Pescol1, Pietro Bosoni1, Stefania Ghilotti2
1Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Journal of diabetes science and technology
|November 29, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 显示出预测糖尿病并发症的前景,眼睛疾病是最受研究的. 当前的模型往往忽略了非结构化数据和像基础模型一样的先进人工智能,突出了未来研究的领域.
科学领域:
- 糖尿病研究研究 糖尿病研究
- 人工智能应用程序的人工智能应用
- 预测建模的预测建模.
背景情况:
- 糖尿病带来微血管和宏血管并发症的重大风险.
- 人工智能 (AI) 越来越多地被用于建模复杂的风险因素关系,以预测这些并发症.
- 最近的AI进步,包括基础和生成模型,在这个领域提供了新的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 审查人工智能在预测糖尿病并发症方面的当前研究格局.
- 研究人工智能创新在糖尿病护理中的当前和未来影响.
- 确定人工智能驱动的糖尿病并发症预测趋势,方法和挑战.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Ovid MEDLINE,CINAHL,IEEE) 进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 分析的重点是预测的并发症,人口特征,人工智能方法,模型性能,预测因素和特征重要性.
- 49项研究被选中进行详细审查和综合.
主要成果:
- 与眼睛相关的并发症是最常见的预测结果 (59%).
- 主要使用的是机器学习和深度学习模型 (82%的组合);然而,基础和生成AI缺席.
- 年龄和糖化血红蛋白始终被确定为关键预测因素,而非结构化数据的使用是有限的 (10%).
结论:
- 对糖尿病并发症的现有人工智能研究是广泛的,但面临着持续的挑战.
- 有效利用非结构化数据 (例如信号,图像) 仍然是一个需要发展的领域.
- 整合最近的AI进步,如基础和生成模型,对于未来的进步至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:29Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System
6.1K
The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
6.1K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
4.8K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.8K
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
2.0K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.0K
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
835
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
835
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
3.1K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.1K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
4.2K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
4.2K