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在新生儿重症监护室使用人工智能的系统审查:远远超出了潜在的影响
Antonio Martínez Millana1, Álvaro Solaz-García2, Andrea García Montaner1
1Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones Avanzadas (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine
|November 29, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在新生儿重症监护室 (NICU) 显示出有前景,改善预后和运营效率. 进一步的研究和道德考虑对于负责地将人工智能纳入新生儿护理至关重要.
科学领域:
- 新生儿重症监护室 (NICU) 技术
- 医学人工智能 (AI) 应用程序
- 临床信息学和数据科学
背景情况:
- 新生儿重症监护病房 (NICU) 面临着管理复杂婴儿状况的挑战.
- 人工智能 (AI) 为增强诊断和预后能力提供了潜在的解决方案.
- 探索人工智能的作用对于推进新生儿医疗保健成果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查人工智能 (AI) 在新生儿重症监护室 (NICU) 的应用.
- 确定人工智能驱动技术的关键趋势,用于新生儿病状的预后,分类,监测和预测.
- 评估人工智能在新生儿学中的现状和未来潜力.
主要方法:
- 进行了以PRISMA为指导的系统审查.
- 在2013年1月至2023年12月期间,主要数据库 (MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane,IEEE Xplore) 进行了搜索.
- 在对318个初始记录进行严格选后,包括了41项研究.
主要成果:
- 人工智能应用主要集中在心血管 (21.9%),神经/大脑 (19.5%) 和呼吸系统 (19.5%) 的疾病上.
- 预后 (56.1%) 是最常见的AI应用,其次是分类 (34.1%).
- 发现了一个显著的差距,超过70%的研究缺乏验证程序.
结论:
- 人工智能在改善NICU患者的治疗结果和运营效率方面具有相当大的潜力.
- 解决数据隐私,算法解释性和道德问题对于负责任的AI部署至关重要.
- 未来的方向包括跨学科合作和遵守报告准则,以提高AI可重现性和临床整合性.
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