医学界及其他领域的榜样:一项调查研究探讨了榜样,学业成绩和归属感之间的关系
Isabella Spaans1, Anne-Roos Verbree2, Renske de Kleijn2
1Educational Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbox 85500, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands. i.m.spaans@gmail.com.
BMC medical education
|November 29, 2025
概括
拥有榜样的医学学生报告说,他们有更强的归属感,特别是同行支持. 然而,在本研究中,榜样并没有显著影响学业成绩 (GPA). 榜样的影响似乎在不同的大学院系上取决于背景.
科学领域:
- 医学教育 医学教育
- 高等教育研究 高等教育研究
- 教育社会学教育的社会学
背景情况:
- 在医学教育中,角色模范被认为是专业身份和社会化的关键.
- 需要经验证据来验证医学中角色模型的假设好处.
- 这项研究考察了医学学生中的榜样,以及它们与学业成绩和归属的联系,并将它们与非医学学生进行比较.
研究的目的:
- 调查医学学生中榜样的普遍性.
- 评估具有榜样与学业成绩 (GPA) 和归属感之间的关联.
- 将这些关联与非医学学生群体中的关联进行比较.
主要方法:
- 对3474名大学生进行了横截面调查,其中478名是医学生.
- 收集的数据包括榜样的存在和数量,归属感 (归属感尺度 - SOBS) 和自我报告的GPA.
- 统计分析包括奇平方测试,t测试,曼-惠特尼U测试和斯皮尔曼与邦费罗尼校正的相关性.
主要成果:
- 54.4%的医学学生报告说有榜样,比大多数其他院系的比例更高.
- 拥有榜样与归属感的各个方面都有积极的关联,特别是同伴的支持.
- 与GPA的关联在多次测试纠正后是微弱且没有统计学意义的. 流行率和影响因教师而异,表明了取决于背景的影响.
结论:
- 这项研究为医疗教育中的榜样的重要性提供了经验支持,将其与增加的归属感联系起来.
- 在其他院系也观察到与归属的角色模范关联,这表明依赖上下文而不是药物独有的影响.
- 未来的研究应该探索因果关系的途径,调解因素和各种学术环境中的角色模型的纵向影响.
相关概念视频
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
174
Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem:...
174
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
254
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
254
Obedience
35.2K
According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
35.2K
Importance of Need for Affiliation
249
The need for affiliation is a fundamental human motive that drives individuals to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. This universal drive varies in intensity among individuals due to genetic predispositions and life experiences, shaping it into a relatively stable personality trait. Social inclusion enhances emotional well-being by fulfilling the need for affiliation, whereas social exclusion leads to distress, negative emotions, and cognitive impairments.Psychological and Emotional...
249
Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison
211
Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
211
Role-Based Identity
164
Role-based identities are central to understanding how individuals navigate social environments by adopting distinct self-conceptions aligned with various societal roles. These identities are not fixed traits but are constructed through personal actions and the social feedback individuals receive in context-specific interactions. Each social role, such as student, teacher, or friend, carries a set of expectations and norms that influence how people think, feel, and behave within that...
164


