从病原体到政策:使用网络分析来绘制人类-动物性疾病动态的知识基础,支持全球流行病政策
Bruna de Paula Fonseca1, David Bell2, Garrett Wallace Brown3
1Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Health research policy and systems
|November 29, 2025
概括
疫情预防政策引用了很少的动物传播疾病动态 (ZDD) 研究,可能限制全球战略. 为了适应性流行病准备和应对,需要更系统地使用证据.
科学领域:
- 全球卫生安全 全球卫生安全
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 科学政策研究 科学政策研究
背景情况:
- 动物传染病动态 (ZDD) 是新兴传染病的关键驱动因素.
- 流行病预防,准备和应对 (PPPR) 政策旨在管理全球传染病威胁.
- ZDD研究与PPPR政策的整合情况尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 评估全球PPPR政策报告 (2021-2023) 在多大程度上包含了关于ZDD的科学研究.
- 将政策报告中引用的ZDD文献与更广泛的科学文献基础进行比较.
- 确定用于全球PPPR的科学证据中的差距和局限性.
主要方法:
- 引用网络分析了六份具有影响力的全球PPPR报告.
- 在报告和ZDD科学出版物的系统集中引用的定性分析.
- 对引用文献的范围,数据类型和重点进行比较分析 (病原体特定与广泛范围).
主要成果:
- 政策报告中仅有19%的引用涉及到ZDD,尽管动物传播疾病被列为主要的流行病风险.
- 引用的学术文献主要是病原体特定的 (66%),范围有限的广泛研究 (4%).
- 报告与科学之间的共享参考主要包括建模 (45%) 和审查研究 (35%),原始数据有限 (6%).
结论:
- 目前对PPPR政策的证据基础是狭窄和选择性的,可能会掩盖不确定性并限制各种观点.
- 在PPPR政策中利用科学证据的更有系统的方法至关重要.
- 加强科学政策界面需要与新兴研究,认识体系多样性进行接触,并承认弹性战略的不确定性.
相关概念视频
01:21Causality in Epidemiology
1.5K
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
1.5K
01:18Steps in Outbreak Investigation
470
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
470
01:26Principles of Disease Surveillance
440
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
440
00:36Viral Mutations
39.6K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
39.6K
00:57Viral Recombination
24.9K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
24.9K
01:05Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
17.9K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
17.9K