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降雨灾难热点取决于历史气候变化
Iris de Vries1,2, Maybritt Schillinger3, Erich Fischer4
1Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. irisedevries@gmail.com.
Nature communications
|November 29, 2025
概括
历史降水记录较低的地区面临极端天气事件的最大风险. 气候变化加剧了这种威胁,特别是在以前记录很高的地区,增加了灾害风险.
科学领域:
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 极端天气事件 极端天气事件
- 减少灾害风险 减少灾害风险
背景情况:
- 创纪录的高降水事件带来了严重的,不可预测的影响.
- 气候变化正在增加创纪录事件的可能性.
- 当地的灾难准备受历史降水数据的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查历史变化如何影响当前和未来创纪录的降水概率.
- 分析气候变化对这些概率的非线性影响.
- 评估创纪录事件和灾难准备的联合风险.
主要方法:
- 分析历史降水数据以确定当前创纪录的概率.
- 模拟气候变化场景 (例如,SSP2-4.5) 对未来概率的影响.
- 评估过去创纪录事件的近期发生率与当地准备情况之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 历史降水记录较低的地区被确定为风险较高的地区.
- 气候变化非线性地增加了创纪录的概率,在SSP2-4.5.5.下,到2050年平均增加40%,达到40%.
- 具有较高历史记录的地区在气候变化下风险增加最快 (高达75%).
- 低灾难准备能力,特别是当最后一次记录事件发生很久以前时,会显著提高风险.
- 由于贫困和城市化,高脆弱性和暴露在具有高创纪录概率的地区,构成了迫在眉的威胁.
结论:
- 历史降水变化是评估当前和未来极端事件风险的关键因素.
- 气候变化不成比例地扩大了风险,高纪录地区面临着最急剧的增长.
- 将气候变化预测与灾难准备评估相结合,对于有效的风险降低策略至关重要.
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