在有神经发育障碍的学生和没有神经发育障碍的学生中,家庭情况是否会对学业成绩产生不同的影响?
Jakob Åsberg Johnels1,2, Ralf Kuja-Halkola3, Henrik Larsson4
1Department of Education and Special Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
The British journal of educational psychology
|November 30, 2025
概括
患有多动症和自闭症的年轻人面临学术上的挑战. 家庭因素会影响成绩,但不会与这些条件相互作用,这表明低成绩存在多种独立风险.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 患有神经发育障碍的年轻人,如注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 和自闭症,面临学业失败的高风险.
- 然而,影响他们学业成绩的具体上下文因素仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 这项研究调查了ADHD和自闭症,父母的教育成就以及父母与孩子的关系动态如何影响小学教育成绩.
- 它还检查了这些因素对学术成果的独立与互动效应.
主要方法:
- 分析了12477名瑞典双胞胎 (出生于1994年至2005年) 的大量队列.
- 在9岁时评估了ADHD和自闭症. 父母与子女的关系和父母的教育是在15岁时被测量出来的. 学业成绩通过学校成绩和高中入学资格来确定.
- 用多重回归模型和相互作用术语来评估基于ADHD/自闭症状态的差异效应.
主要成果:
- 无论是ADHD/自闭症还是与家庭相关的变量 (父母教育,父母与孩子的关系) 都与较低的学业成绩有显著的关联.
- 最重要的是,没有统计证据表明家庭因素对学业成绩的影响在ADHD或自闭症的学生和没有ADHD或自闭症的学生之间有所不同.
结论:
- 这些发现支持一个生物生态模型,其中ADHD和/或自闭症代表了多种,不相互作用的教育低成绩风险.
- 与家庭相关的因素似乎对学业成果产生独立的影响,无论这些神经发育条件是否存在.
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