适合儿童的各种游戏对学龄前儿童执行功能的影响
Tianyu Zhao1, Jun Luan2, Fei Dan2
1School of Drawing and Painting, Luxun Academy of Fine Arts, Shenyang, China.
Acta psychologica
|November 30, 2025
概括
运动,拼图和语言游戏显著改善了儿童的执行功能 (EF),包括抑制控制和认知灵活性. 语言游戏对所有核心EF组件都显示出持续的好处.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 幼儿教育 儿童早期教育
背景情况:
- 执行功能 (EF) 对儿童的认知和社会情感发展至关重要.
- 基于游戏的干预措施越来越多地被认为具有促进幼儿时代EF技能的潜力.
- 了解各种游戏类型对EF的差异和持续影响对于有针对性的教育策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究运动,拼图和语言游戏对4至5岁儿童执行功能 (EF) 的直接和延迟影响.
- 为了比较不同游戏干预措施在增强核心EF组件的有效性:抑制性控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性.
- 通过脚手架的游戏活动来确定有助于EF改进的潜在机制.
主要方法:
- 一项为期10周的随机对照试验,涉及62名年龄在4-5岁的儿童.
- 干预包括结构化的运动游戏,拼图游戏和语言游戏,对照组接受标准活动.
- 执行功能在基线,干预后和3个月的随访期后被评估.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,这三个游戏干预措施都在抑制控制和认知灵活性方面取得了显著和持久的改善.
- 工作记忆的增长有所不同:随访时运动游戏的影响减少,拼图游戏显示有延迟的改善,语言游戏产生了一致的,持久的增强.
- 在这三个游戏组中,对个人EF组件的干预效应没有发现显著差异.
结论:
- 脚手架上的游戏活动,特别是语言游戏,在促进幼儿执行功能方面是有效的.
- 这些游戏干预措施的好处与EF需求在成年人引导的,基于规则的结构,情绪调节和角色扮演中的整合有关.
- 语言游戏特别有望促进幼儿时代所有核心执行功能组件的持续改进.
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