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关于美国饮食知识,态度和行为的研究:一个范围审查
Alicia Tavares da Silva Gomes1,2,3, Rola Al Ghali3, Maria C Tan3
1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição em Saúde Pública, School of Public Health, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
BMJ public health
|December 1, 2025
概括
这一范围审查揭示了在整个美洲理解饮食知识,态度和行为 (KAB) 方面的重大差距. 未来的研究必须侧重于公平性和经过验证的工具,以告知公共卫生战略并实现减少的目标.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 营养 公共卫生 营养
- 健康行为研究 研究健康行为研究
- 范围审查方法论 范围审查方法论
背景情况:
- 饮食中的摄入量在全球范围内是一个关键的公共卫生问题.
- 了解与相关的知识,态度和行为 (KAB) 是有效干预的关键.
- 目前对美国成年人中的KAB研究现状的综合研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 综合描述美国成年人中饮食知识,态度和行为 (KAB) 的现有文献.
- 确定KAB研究的研究趋势,方法和地理分布.
- 确定当前研究的空白,以指导未来的调查.
主要方法:
- 从2023年9月到2025年3月进行了系统范围审查.
- 在多个数据库 (Ovid MEDLINE,EMBASE,科学网等) 中进行了搜索. 和灰色文学来源.
- 纳入标准侧重于对居住在美洲的成年人 (≥18岁) 评估KAB的研究,由两位审查员进行独立查和数据提取.
主要成果:
- 包括32项研究,其中大多数来自北美 (美国) 和南美 (阿根廷,智利).
- 大多数研究采用了定量方法,方便抽样,并专注于主要是女性参与者,农村人口的代表性有限.
- 知识评估经常涉及健康结果,而态度集中在关注和感知摄入量;行为重点是减少策略和盐的使用.
结论:
- 在监测整个美洲饮食中的KAB方面存在显著的差异和差距,特别是在低收入国家和代表性不足的群体中.
- 需要使用经过验证的工具和行为改变框架进行以公平为重点的监测.
- 未来的研究应该产生可操作的数据,以支持公共卫生政策,并实现世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的减少目标.
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