增加大型语言模型,以利用患者临床笔记预测阿片类药物使用障碍中精神健康的社会决定因素
Madhavi Pagare1, Deva Sai Kumar Bheesetti1, Inyene Essien-Aleksi2
1Cognitive Ubiquitous Computing and System (CUBICS) Lab, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
JAMIA open
|December 1, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了一个新的框架 (HLLIA) 和算法 (MHCLE) 来从临床笔记中准确识别阿片类药物使用障碍患者的心理健康的社会决定因素,改进早期干预策略.
科学领域:
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
背景情况:
- 确定心理健康的社会决定因素 (SDOMH) 对阿片类药物使用障碍 (OUD) 患者至关重要.
- 从临床笔记中提取SDOMH是具有挑战性的,因为注释的复杂性.
- 需要先进的NLP技术来有效地提取数据.
研究的目的:
- 提出一个新的框架,人类在循环中大型语言模型对注释的交互 (HLLIA),结合一个多层次层次临床长型嵌入 (MHCLE) 算法.
- 通过OUD患者的非结构化临床笔记,对SDOMH变量进行注释和预测.
- 改善风险估计,并使OUD的早期干预成为可能.
主要方法:
- 从MIMIC-IV数据集中使用了2636个注释的排放摘要.
- 采用人类在循环中的方法,通过大型语言模型 (LLM) 改进,以获得高质量的注释.
- 应用了MHCLE算法对13个SDOMH变量进行多标签分类,这些变量与基线模型 (RoBERTa,Bio_ClinicalBERT,ClinicalBERT,ClinicalBigBird) 相比进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 该MHCLE模型实现了卓越的性能,准确率为96.29%,F1得分为95.41%.
- 超过基线模型的表现,证明了拟议算法的有效性.
- 培训测试政策表明,人类干预显著提高了LLM注释准确性.
结论:
- 与HLLIA框架集成的MHCLE模型提供了一种有效的方法,用于从临床笔记中预测SDOMH因素.
- 这种方法通过改善关键患者数据的提取,促进了OUD护理中的NLP应用.
- 该研究强调了NLP任务中人类监督的重要性,并为未来临床数据分析研究制定了基准.
关键词:
人类在循环中的LLM互动用于注释 (HLLIA)多层次层次临床-长型嵌入式 (MHCLE)自然语言处理 (NLP)"阿片类药物使用障碍"与阿片类药物相关的结果心理健康的社会决定因素 (SDOMH)更多相关视频
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