更年期的精密药理学:个性化管理的进展,挑战和未来的创新
1Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Frontiers in reproductive health
|December 1, 2025
概括
本综述探讨了更年期药理学的进展,详细介绍了用于缓解症状和长期健康的激素和非激素治疗方法. 它强调了个性化医学和新兴疗法,以改善生活质量.
科学领域:
- 生殖医学 生殖医学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 妇女健康 妇女健康
背景情况:
- 绝经影响全球超过10亿名女性,导致血管运动症状 (VMS),尿生殖系统综合征 (GSM),情绪变化,骨质疏松症和心血管风险.
- 更年期期间雌激素的下降需要药理干预,以控制症状和长期保持健康.
- 关于激素治疗风险的辩论强调了在更年期管理中需要个性化治疗方法的需要.
研究的目的:
- 综合更年期药理学的最新进展,评估荷尔蒙,非荷尔蒙和新兴治疗方案.
- 评估当前和新更年期治疗的疗效,安全性和作用机制.
- 确定更年期药理管理中的挑战和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Cochrane图书馆和Web of Science中使用与更年期药理学和治疗相关的关键词进行系统的文献搜索 (2015-2025年).
- 包括随机对照试验 (RCT),元分析和专家共识,但不包括非英语或2015年之前的研究.
- 两个独立的审查员对摘要和完整文本进行选,重点关注疗效,安全性,药理动力学和机制.
主要成果:
- 激素疗法 (MHT/HRT) 有效地降低了VMS (70%-90%) 并保持了骨密度,通过皮肤的途径将风险降到最低.
- 非激素选择如SSRI/SNRIs (40%-60%) 和NK3R抗体 (fezolinetant, 50%-65%) 为禁忌患者提供了替代方案.
- 新兴疗法包括植物性雌激素,激活性激素的丸激素和卵巢衰老调节剂;个性化策略对于特殊人群至关重要.
结论:
- 最近的进展转向精确药理学,强调更年期的个性化和非激素治疗.
- 未来的优先事项包括生物标志物引导的个性化,人工智能驱动的药物发现和新型的输送系统.
- 目标是提高疗效,降低风险,改善更年期妇女的生活质量.
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