对阿尔茨海默病阶段分类深度学习的范围:方法,挑战和机会
Salleh Sonko1, Mohamed Islam Houssam2, Kossi Dodzi Bissadu1
1Department of Information Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
BME frontiers
|December 1, 2025
概括
深度学习 (DL) 模型对阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD) 分类具有很高的准确性,但在概括性方面存在困难. 改善临床翻译需要对这些人工智能工具进行强有力的外部验证和成本效益分析.
科学领域:
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 医学成像分析 医学成像分析
背景情况:
- 深度学习 (DL) 模型越来越多地用于阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 阶段分类.
- 这些模型为改善诊断准确性和早期介入阿尔茨海默病提供了潜力.
- 然而,有很大的障碍阻碍了它们转化为临床实践.
研究的目的:
- 对AD分类的DL最近的研究进行范围审查.
- 评估当前的绩效基准,并确定方法上的局限性.
- 要突出DL模型在AD的临床翻译的障碍.
主要方法:
- 采用了范围审查方法论,分析了2018年至2024年间发表的18项同行评审研究.
- 提取的数据包括数据集来源,预处理,模型架构 (CNN,TL),性能指标和转化因素.
- 综合了研究来比较性能和确定局限性.
主要成果:
- DL模型,特别是转移学习 (TL) 和定制卷积神经网络 (CNN),经常报告准确度超过90%.
- 性能对任务框架和数据集特征高度敏感,观察到的概括性有限.
- 存在关键的翻译差距,只有一个研究进行了外部验证;成本效益很少被报告.
结论:
- DL在AD分类方面表现出很高的准确性,但缺乏强度和通用性.
- 临床翻译受到外部验证,标准化评估和成本效益数据的需求所阻碍.
- 未来的进步需要临床解释,工作流集成模型,透明的财务成本报告.
相关概念视频
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
1.6K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.6K
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment
764
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
764
Dementia
487
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
487


