从安全到支出:中国的长期护理保险试点如何推动城市家庭消费
1School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Frontiers in public health
|December 1, 2025
概括
中国的长期护理保险试点项目使城市消费增长了7.35%,主要是由于减少了护理负担和增加了劳动力参与. 这一政策刺激了国内需求,并对邻近地区产生了积极的溢出效应.
科学领域:
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 公共政策 公共政策
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 中国面临着人口快速老龄化和对老年护理服务需求的增加.
- 建立一个全面的长期护理保险体系是一个关键的机构创新.
研究的目的:
- 调查中国长期护理保险试点政策对城市家庭消费的因果关系.
- 探索推动这些影响的机制,包括医疗保健服务,创新和工资.
- 检查不同类型城市间的异质性和空间溢出效应.
主要方法:
- 使用来自中国232个城市 (2011-2018) 的面板数据的差异差异方法.
- 机制分析:公共卫生保健,城市创新,工资水平.
- 检查异质性 (城市类型,试点覆盖) 和空间溢出效应.
主要成果:
- 长期护理保险试点项目显著增加了城市消费的7.35% (约合7.35%). 206.14元人民币) 的价格.
- 关键的驱动因素包括减少非正式护理负担,提高劳动力参与率,改善医疗接入,以及在护理中采用技术.
- 在人口净流入和更广泛的试点覆盖范围的城市,积极影响更为强烈,对邻近的非试点城市有显著的空间溢出效应.
结论:
- 长期护理保险改革在经济上具有重要意义,刺激了消费和就业.
- 该政策有助于缩小区域差异,并满足人口老龄化的需求.
- 扩大该计划的规模可以带来更广泛的区域效益,为未来的社会保障改革提供信息.
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