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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
12:06

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Published on: October 19, 2017

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SnCl2催化卡巴赫尼克-菲尔兹合成具有强烈抗氧化活性的α-氨基酸盐

Achraf Hibot1,2, Salha Hamri2, Abderrafia Hafid2

  • 1Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31 Barcelona 08028 Spain mdpujol@ub.edu.

RSC advances
|December 1, 2025
PubMed
概括

研究人员开发了一种使用卡巴赫尼克-菲尔兹反应合成α-氨基酸盐的新方法. 这些新型化合物显示出相当大的抗氧化潜力,与 Askorbic 酸相美,表明未来应用的前景.

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Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
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Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

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Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
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Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
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In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.
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