单细胞免疫转录组学揭示了自身免疫糖尿病的炎症抑制设定点谱
Ivan I Golodnikov1, Elizaveta S Podshivalova1, Vadim I Chechekhin1,2
1Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
JCI insight
|December 1, 2025
概括
自身免疫性糖尿病,包括1型糖尿病 (T1D) 和成人潜在自身免疫性糖尿病 (LADA),在免疫细胞信号传递方面有所不同. 了解这些独特的炎症途径为维护β细胞功能提供了新的治疗点.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 自身免疫性糖尿病呈现为1型糖尿病 (T1D) 和成年人的潜在自身免疫性糖尿病 (LADA),在炎症进展方面有所不同.
- 驱动这些独特的炎症状态的潜在免疫机制仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究T1D,LADA和健康个体之间的外周血液单核细胞 (PBMC) 的定性免疫差异.
- 阐明特征T1D和LADA的独特分子通路和细胞间通信网络.
主要方法:
- 从LADA,T1D和对照队列中对40多万个PBMC进行单细胞RNA测序和对T和B细胞受体概况.
- 分析通路激活 (NF-κB,EGFR,MAPK,JAK/STAT),细胞间通信 (TNF,MHC) 和免疫检查点相互作用 (HLA-C-KIR).
主要成果:
- 整个组的PBMC组成是相似的,突出了定性免疫差异.
- T1D显示NF-κB,EGFR,MAPK通路的泛系激活,以及促进炎症的TNF中心通信枢纽.
- 拉达表现出抑制的NF-κB/EGFR活性,保留了JAK/STAT信号,并加强了NK细胞抑制检查点,抑制了效应器激活.
结论:
- 自身免疫性糖尿病存在于一个连续的炎症和抑制设定点上.
- NF-κB/EGFR-JAK/STAT梯度和HLA-C-KIR轴被确定为潜在的治疗点,用于在自身免疫糖尿病中保护β细胞功能.
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