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切换回来与切换出去:语言背景揭示了在主动双语语言控制中的新老化缺陷
Dalia L Garcia1, Tamar H Gollan2
1Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
年轻的双语者使用主动控制来切换语言,而年长的双语者则依赖于反应控制. 这种差异影响了他们如何有效地在语言之间切换,特别是在不同的环境中.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 双语研究 双语研究
背景情况:
- 双语语言切换涉及复杂的认知控制机制.
- 老龄化可能会影响认知控制,可能会影响双语者的语言切换能力.
研究的目的:
- 调查语境支持如何影响年轻和年长双语者的语言切换.
- 为了比较不同年龄组在语言切换期间使用的控制策略.
主要方法:
- 双语参与者 (年轻人和老年人) 在不同的语言偏见条件下执行图片命名任务.
- 测量了在主导语言和非主导语言之间切换的反应时间.
主要成果:
- 年轻的双语者在没有偏见的条件下表现出反向的语言主导地位,与较老的双语者不同.
- 年轻的双语者在有偏见的背景下比较老的双语者更有效地切换语言.
- 与年轻的双语者相比,年长的双语者表现出更高的回归成本.
结论:
- 年轻的双语者利用主动控制 (抑制和激活) 进行高效的语言切换.
- 较老的双语者主要使用反应控制,导致更低效率的切换和更高的成本.
- 认知控制策略的年龄相关差异显著影响双语语言切换.
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