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在COVID-19之前和期间,青少年的肥胖和严重肥胖
Sarah E Messiah1,2,3, Yujia Guo4, Luyu Xie5
1Department of Epidemiology, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
Pediatrics
|December 1, 2025
概括
在COVID-19大流行期间,儿童肥胖的患病率增加. 较高的体力活动 (PA) 与较低的肥胖率有关,而超加工食品 (UPF) 的摄入量与肥胖严重程度没有明确的关联.
科学领域:
- 儿科营养和公共卫生
- 慢性病的流行病学 慢性病的流行病学
- 青春中的生活方式医学
背景情况:
- 在美国,儿童肥胖仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题.
- COVID-19大流行可能影响了儿童和青少年的饮食模式和体育活动水平.
- 了解这些变化对于开发有效的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估COVID-19大流行之前和期间美国青年 (2-19岁) 肥胖患病率的变化.
- 调查超加工食品 (UPF) 消费和体力活动 (PA) 模式与肥胖严重程度之间的关系.
- 根据肥胖类别和流行病状况分层分析这些关联.
主要方法:
- 国家健康和营养检查调查数据的连续横截面分析 (疫情前:2017年3月;疫情期间:2021年8月-2023年8月).
- 肥胖症使用年龄BMI百分位数进行分类 (I,II,III类).
- 通过24小时召回评估UPF摄入量;按中度至强度活动的日/周报告PA;用于分析的后勤回归模型.
主要成果:
- 肥胖患病率在大流行前为21.2%,在大流行期间为22.6% (P=.30).
- 在大流行期间,平均UPF摄入量显著下降 (66.0%至62.7%,P<.01).
- 较高的PA与较低的II类和总体肥胖率的流行前相关. 在大流行期间,满足PA指导方针仍然可以防止整体肥胖.
结论:
- 肥胖患病率在COVID-19大流行之前和期间呈现上升趋势.
- 身体活动表明与肥胖有保护性关联.
- 在超加工食品摄入量和肥胖严重程度增加之间没有发现显著的关联.
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