在白俄罗斯切尔诺贝利核电站放射性沉降的产前暴露后,甲状腺结节
Kiyohiko Mabuchi1, Jim Z Mai1, Vasilina V Yauseyenka2
1Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
International journal of radiation biology
|December 2, 2025
概括
产前辐射暴露,特别是在第三个三个月,增加了甲状腺结节的风险. 这突出了意外放射性释放时易受伤害的子组,需要进一步研究剂量和发育敏感性.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 辐射流行病学 辐射流行病学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 产前暴露于放射性沉降物会给健康带来潜在的风险.
- 切尔诺贝利事故导致放射性 (131I) 广泛释放.
- 甲状腺结节是一种常见的内分泌异常.
研究的目的:
- 调查产前辐射暴露与患甲状腺结节的风险之间的关联.
- 为了确定胎儿发育期间关于辐射暴露的潜在脆弱时期.
主要方法:
- 甲状腺查1439名被证实在产前暴露于切尔诺贝利核灾后的个体.
- 估计甲状腺辐射剂量,主要是从131I摄入量.
- 分析使用二进制逻辑回归来确定甲状腺节块每Gray (Gy) 的超额赔率比率 (EOR).
主要成果:
- 在所有参与者的甲状腺结节中观察到边界显著的线性剂量反应关系 (EOR/Gy = 0.44,p = .06).
- 在事故发生时 (ATA) 暴露在妊娠第三季度的人群中发现了显著的关联 (EOR/Gy = 0.84,p = .02).
- 对于第一或第二季度的暴露,没有发现显著的关联,尽管仍存在不确定性.
结论:
- 第三个三个月的产前暴露于放射性沉降与甲状腺结节的风险显著增加有关.
- 这表明,胎儿在妊娠的第三个三个月对放射性具有特定的脆弱性.
- 需要进一步的研究来区分辐射剂量和胎儿甲状腺辐射敏感性在这种观察到的风险中的作用.
相关概念视频
The Thyroid Gland
6.6K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
6.6K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
7.1K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.1K
Biological Effects of Radiation
17.6K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
17.6K
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT
1.0K
Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
1.0K
The Nucleolus
10.2K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
10.2K


