儿童下腿肌肉的结构:参考曲线和潜在的生长机制
Brian V Y Chow1,2, Suzanne Davies1, Catherine Morgan3
1Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Journal of anatomy
|December 2, 2025
概括
儿童肌肉生长主要通过扩大而不是延长而增加下腿肌肉体积,从5岁到15岁,生理横截面积 (PCSA) 和带长度发生显著变化. 这些发现为儿科肌肉发育提供了规范性数据.
科学领域:
- 儿科的肌肉骨发育情况
- 人类解剖学和生理学 人类解剖学和生理学
- 生物机械工程 生物机械工程
背景情况:
- 肌肉架构参数,如生理横截面积 (PCSA),带长度和角在儿童时期发生显著变化.
- 关于儿科肌肉结构的现有研究是有限的,通常集中在小样本和狭窄的年龄范围,缺乏全面的发育分析.
研究的目的:
- 在典型发育的5至15岁儿童中,为七个下腿肌的结构参数建立年龄和性别条件的参考曲线.
- 在整个儿童发育过程中提供肌肉结构参数分布的综合分析.
- 研究儿童肌肉生长背后的机制.
主要方法:
- 利用解剖学和扩散权重磁共振成像 (MRI) 来量化192名儿童 (5-15岁) 7个下腿肌肉的3D结构.
- 使用b-splines的定量回归来估计PCSA的肌肉和性别特定的参考曲线,束长度和笔角.
- 分析了脊髓神经瘤的尺寸及其与肌肉结构的关系.
主要成果:
- 肌肉体积主要通过横向 (PCSA) 增长而不是纵向 (筋长) 增长增加,特别是在5岁后.
- 在5至15岁之间,PCSA的中位数增加了3.0至4.7倍,囊长度增加了1.1至1.7倍.
- 在所有年龄段的性别之间观察到建筑参数分布的显著重叠.
- 肌单元的纵向增长是由肌内神经元延长的介导,表面积的缩放与PCSA成比例.
结论:
- 开发的参考曲线为儿童下腿肌肉结构提供了规范性数据.
- 儿童下腿肌肉生长的特点是横向尺寸 (PCSA) 的显著增加和带长度的适度增加.
- 肌内神经症在儿童时期促进肌单元的纵向生长中发挥着关键作用.
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