通过大型语言模型实现即时临床瘤学分析:使用非结构化合成数据的可行性和验证研究
Peter May1, Julian Greß1,2, Christoph Seidel3
1Department of Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany, 49 89-4140-8753.
JMIR medical informatics
|December 2, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 在提取瘤学数据和直接从临床笔记中执行生存分析方面表现出高准确性,从而使得即时研究 (JIT) 成为可能. 这项研究表明,LLM可以绕过传统方法进行更快,更有效的瘤研究.
科学领域:
- 瘤学研究的研究.
- 医学中的人工智能
- 临床数据分析临床数据分析
背景情况:
- 传统的癌症登记是劳动密集型的,阻碍了及时的研究.
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 显示出数据提取自动化的前景.
- 对临床叙述进行直接,即时 (JIT) 分析的LLM的潜力尚未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 评估Gemini 2.5 Pro能够实现JIT临床瘤学分析范式的能力.
- 评估高准确度数据提取,复杂的临床查询答案,自动生存分析和从自由文本临床数据中生成假设的LLM性能.
主要方法:
- 使用了240个非结构化临床信件的合成数据集,用于第四阶段非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC).
- 评估Gemini 2.5 Pro在四个JIT能力上:多参数提取,直接查询答案,使用代码生成进行生存分析和假设生成.
- 使用精度,数值偏差,逻辑等级P值,哈雷尔一致性指数和定性假设评估来测量性能.
主要成果:
- 在数据提取中,LLM实现了>99%的准确性,与人类提取相比,但速度明显更快.
- LLM回答了复杂的查询<1.5%的偏差和自主执行端到端生存分析,生成统计学上无法区分的卡普兰-梅尔曲线.
- 士课程产生了生物学上可信和潜在的新假设,对于人工智能标记的模两可,需要人类在循环中.
结论:
- 像Gemini 2.5 Pro这样的前沿LLM可以直接从非结构化文本中进行高保真数据提取,查询和生存分析.
- 这项研究为JIT临床分析提供了概念验证,可能会彻底改变瘤学研究.
- 在临床实施之前,对现实世界临床数据的验证至关重要.
相关概念视频
Cancer Survival Analysis
630
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
630
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
5.9K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.9K
Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials
1.4K
Statistical software is pivotal in data analysis and clinical trials by providing tools to analyze data, draw conclusions, and make predictions. These software packages range from simple data management applications to complex analytical platforms, supporting various statistical tests, models, and simulation techniques. Their significance lies in their ability to handle vast amounts of data with precision and efficiency, enabling researchers to validate hypotheses, identify trends, and make...
1.4K
Improving Translational Accuracy
14.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.0K
Improving Translational Accuracy
3.5K
3.5K


