口腔疾病作为阿尔茨海默病的新兴风险因素:范围审查
Yuseung Yi1, Chang-Ha Lee2, Hyun-Seung Shin3
1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine, Dentistry, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
The Japanese dental science review
|December 3, 2025
概括
保持良好的口腔健康,包括治疗牙疾病和牙脱落,可以降低患阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的风险. 这与炎症和微生物因素有关,这表明口腔卫生有助于认知健康.
科学领域:
- 神经科学和口腔健康研究研究
- 系统性审查和元分析
- 公共卫生与老龄化问题
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种进展性神经退行性疾病,其全球流行率正在增加.
- 口腔健康状况与AD病原体之间的潜在联系是科学调查的一个新兴领域.
- 慢性口腔疾病,如牙周炎和牙,是影响认知功能和整体健康的普遍情况.
研究的目的:
- 对目前关于口腔疾病和阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 之间的关联的科学证据进行范围审查.
- 确定和综合有关将口腔健康与AD联系起来的微生物,免疫,炎症,遗传和功能机制的发现.
- 探索口腔健康维护和假肢康复在减轻痴呆风险方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 从1990年到2024年12月,在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Google Scholar,KMbase) 进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括标准包括人类和动物研究,调查阿尔茨海默病,痴呆症和牙周病,牙损和牙脱落等口腔健康状况之间的联系.
- 总共有45项研究在对1328个初始记录进行严格选后,符合纳入标准.
主要成果:
- 有证据表明,慢性口腔疾病,特别是牙周炎和牙脱落,与阿尔茨海默病的风险增加或进展之间存在显著联系.
- 涉及的关键机制包括系统性炎症,微生物转移,粉样β通路的参与,APOE4遗传敏感性和功能受损.
- 牙损失的假肢康复可能通过改善功能和营养摄入来降低痴呆症风险.
结论:
- 维持终身口腔健康,包括治疗牙周炎和牙脱落,可能是促进认知健康和潜在降低阿尔茨海默病风险的实际策略.
- 虽然直接因果关系需要进一步调查,但研究结果强调了口腔和全身健康在衰老中的相互联系.
- 专注于口腔卫生和牙科护理的干预措施可以在预防和管理痴呆症的综合战略中发挥作用.
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