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敲敲敲,谁在这里? 识别野生物种特定的鱼声与被动声学定位和随机森林模型
Darienne Lancaster1, Xavier Mouy2, Dana Haggarty1,3
1University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Journal of fish biology
|December 3, 2025
概括
现在,被动声学监测 (PAM) 可以使用新的音频/视频阵列和随机森林模型来识别特定的鱼声. 这一突破使得准确的物种识别和丰富的估计在不同的海洋环境.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 计算生态学计算生态学
背景情况:
- 被动声学监测 (PAM) 对生态评估有价值,但缺乏特定物种的鱼类呼叫识别方法.
- 对鱼类的定量PAM具有挑战性,因为在海洋环境中难以区分野生,物种特定的声音.
研究的目的:
- 测试一种新的被动声学定位阵列与配对的音频/视频,用于识别野生,特定物种的鱼类声音.
- 用随机森林模型和47个声音特征来评估区分鱼类呼叫到物种水平的可行性.
主要方法:
- 在不列颠哥伦比亚省部署了一种具有音频/视频配对的新型被动声学定位阵列.
- 使用 47 个声学特征的随机森林模型来区分特定物种的鱼声.
- 分析了呼叫特征,包括吉尼杂质指数和部分依赖概率图.
主要成果:
- 成功识别了八种声乐鱼类的呼叫,其中包括五种新记录的物种,如,金丝雀和黑岩鱼.
- 随机森林模型在区分特定物种的鱼敲声 (80%) 和声 (88%) 中取得了很高的准确性.
- 确定了低频和中频的特定物种差异,模型性能取决于样本大小.
结论:
- 开发了一种强大的方法来收集和区分野生鱼类在高度多样化的海洋地区的声音.
- 该研究为检测器参数化提供了对特定物种呼叫特征的全面数据集.
- 这项研究有助于设计特定物种的鱼声探测器,用于定量生态监测,并可适应全球应用.
相关概念视频
01:03Communication
Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
01:06Fixed Action Patterns
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
01:06Echo
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...