临床实践中的机器学习和深度学习:通过多式模式标记器推进神经退行性疾病的诊断
Omid Zarei1, Maryam Talebi Moghaddam2, Sadegh Moradi Vastegani3
1Department of Anesthesiolog, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Brain research bulletin
|December 3, 2025
概括
机器学习 (ML) 为诊断神经退行性疾病 (如阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森症) 提供了新的希望. 这种人工智能方法分析复杂的数据,以提高诊断准确性和患者护理,克服传统方法的局限性.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
背景情况:
- 神经退行性疾病 (阿尔茨海默病,帕金森病,亨廷顿病,多发性硬化症) 是渐进的和无法治愈的,给健康带来了重大挑战.
- 早期诊断对于管理神经退行性疾病至关重要,但常规方法在前期阶段往往失败.
- 传统的诊断包括神经成像,CSF生物标志物和临床评估.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前机器学习 (ML) 在诊断和管理神经退行性疾病中的应用.
- 突出ML在这个领域的优势和局限性.
- 讨论临床神经病学中ML的未来方向.
主要方法:
- 对各种数据类型的ML应用进行审查:神经成像,电生理学,行为功能,语音/手写和分子生物标志物.
- 分析ML对诊断准确性,患者分类和治疗建议的影响.
- 检查包括数据异质性,模型可解释性,人口多样性和隐私在内的挑战.
主要成果:
- ML在改善神经退行性疾病的诊断准确性方面显示出前景.
- 在患者分类和治疗建议方面,ML应用已经显示出潜力.
- 仍然存在重大挑战,包括数据集成和道德考虑.
结论:
- 机器学习提供了强大的工具,以提高神经退行性疾病的早期和准确诊断.
- 未来的方向包括多式联网数据融合,隐私保护技术,可解释的人工智能 (XAI) 和临床决策支持的大型语言模型 (LLM).
- 应对当前的挑战是有效地将ML纳入神经退行性疾病管理的临床实践的关键.
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