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相关概念视频

Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

21.1K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
21.1K
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

18.8K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
18.8K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

10.8K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
10.8K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

17.8K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
17.8K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

7.2K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
7.2K

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使用DAF-seq绘制单细胞双质染色体纤维架构的映射.

Elliott G Swanson1, Yizi Mao2, Benjamin J Mallory1

  • 1Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

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一种新方法,Deaminase-Assisted单分子染色体纤维测序 (DAF-seq),绘制了染色体纤维上的蛋白质共占地. 这种技术揭示了单个细胞内和单个细胞之间以及跨类型的显著基因调节可塑性.

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 基因调节依赖于蛋白质对细胞内的染色质纤维的联合结合.
  • 了解双胞胎生物体中不同类型和细胞之间的蛋白质占用异质性是具有挑战性的.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种新的方法,用于高分辨率,单分子分析染色体上蛋白质占用率.
  • 为了研究单细胞和单型水平上的染色质可塑性和蛋白质共同调节.

主要方法:

  • 开发了Deaminase-Assisted单分子染色体纤维测序 (DAF-seq) 的研究.
  • DAF-seq为单分子足迹,染色体状态和DNA序列分析提供近核酸分辨率.
  • 应用单细胞DAF-seq (scDAF-seq) 来生成全基因组共占地图.

主要成果:

  • DAF-seq允许在监管元素中照明合作蛋白占用率.
  • scDAF-seq在单细胞中映射99%的可映射基因组中的蛋白质共占地.
  • 观察到显著的染色质可塑性,单元类型之间的差异为61%,细胞之间的差异为63%.
  • 调节元素显示了取决于距离的共同作用,反映了凝聚力介导的循环.

结论:

  • DAF-seq提供了前所未有的单核酸,单分子,单哈普类型和单细胞精度,用于表征蛋白质占用.
  • 这项研究揭示了广泛的染色质可塑性,并提供了对体变异和表样基因的功能影响的见解.
  • 这些发现突出了双胞胎基因组中分子水平基因调节的动态性质.